Hypertension is the state of the body in which the vessels constantly experience greater blood pressure: systolic blood pressure is the same or exceeds 140 mm Hg and/or the equal diastolic blood pressure or exceeds 90 mm Hg.
The "hypertension" diagnosis is carried out in cases where, according to the pressure measurements made in two different days, the value of systolic pressure both in the day or exceeds the RT of 140 mm. Art. And/or the value of diastolic pressure in both days equally or exceeds 90 mm Hg. Art.
The danger of this condition lies in the risk of damage to the heart or blood vessels in other organs, such as brain and kidneys.
Important: hypertension is the most importantPreventiveThe cause of heart disease and stroke worldwide
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to a heart attack, an increase in the heart and, ultimately, to heart failure. The expansion (aneurysms) can be developed in blood vessels and vulnerable places in which blood vessels are more likely to be clogged and torn. The pressure in blood vessels can cause bleeding in the brain and the development of stroke. Hypertension can also lead to renal failure, blindness and cognitive deterioration.
Hypertension is called a "quiet murdere. "Most patients with hypertension do not even suspect the problem, since hypertension often does not give signs of anxiety and proceeds asymptomatic.
We invite everyone to use the medical program to evaluate the condition of their cardiovascular system and obtain advice from all the necessary specialists.
Risk factors for hypertension development
Stress, excess mental and mental work
Studies show that hypertension most frequently get sick whose vital activity is associated with a constant excess of nervous premiere. So, for example, in residents of great megacities, hypertension is much more common than in people who live in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, therefore, it is necessary to treat both ailments.
Each fourth man and every fifth woman in the world, blood pressure increases
Studies show that hypertension most frequently get sick whose vital activity is associated with a constant excess of nervous premiere. So, for example, in residents of great megacities, hypertension is much more common than in people who live in rural areas.
Hypertension and stress are inextricably linked, therefore, it is necessary to treat both ailments.The complications of hypertension are the cause of 9. 4 million annual cases of death in the world (WHO)
Hypodinamia
Hypodinamia is a decrease in cargo in muscles due to a sedentary lifestyle. A modern city resident is not dedicated to physical work, prefers to use vehicles even at short distances, instead of walking, and spends free time on a computer or television. Only 1 % is dedicated to recreational sports and 5 % make morning gymnastics.
As a result, such a way of life leads to significant changes in all body life support systems, especially cardiovascular and nervous.
The combination of hypodinamia and stress makes a person extremely vulnerable to hypertension and its complications. Adrenaline, produced at the time of stress, stimulates the production of glucocorticoids, which, in turn, stimulate the increase in blood sugar and increased blood pressure.
In an immobilized organism, adrenaline and sugar instead of "burning" with the release of energy, they remain in the blood vessels for a long time and drive not only with a long increase in pressure, but also to heart attacks and strokes.
Overweight
To determine whether there is an excess weight or not, they use the body mass index. It is calculated as the body weight ratio in kilograms to a square of growth in meters. If the result exceeds 25 kg/square meters in young people and 27 kg/square meters in the elderly, but does not exceed 30 kg/square meters, this means that there is overweight. If the index indicator is above 30 kg/sq. M, in this case we are talking about clinically pronounced obesity.
More than half of patients with hypertension suffer from obesity.
Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease in which there is an accumulation of excessive amounts of fat in adipose tissue.
Numerous scientific studies have shown that a decrease in excess fat by 5-10% leads to a decrease in increased blood pressure and an improvement in control over the disease.
Loss of every 5 kg of excess weight can help reduce systolic blood pressure by 2-10 points.
Other risk factors
An unhealthy diet: excessive salt consumption, significant content of saturated fats and trans fats in food, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits. As well as the use of tobacco and alcohol.
The increase in risk factors that are not controlled include hereditary predisposition, age and concomitant diseases, such as diabetes or kidney disease.
Hypertension prevention
Each adult must control their blood pressure. In case of greater pressure, you must obtain a consultation with a doctor.
Less than a fifth hypertension control your condition
People with high blood pressure, who also have a high level of blood sugar, increase blood cholesterol or kidney problems increase in the risk of heart attack and stroke. Therefore, it is important to regularly verify the blood sugar level, blood cholesterol and protein level in the urine.
To minimize the risk of high blood pressure and its adverse consequences, everyone can take a series of specific steps:
Mental balance
Soul Well -Being and Positive Total State are indispensable conditions to maintain health. What is especially important for patients with hypertension or predisposed to their development, because the disease is directly related to an inappropriate reaction to stress.
It is necessary to learn to handle stress as healthy as meditation, various types of psychotherapy and positive social contacts.
Cardiology Center specialists: neurologists, psychotherapists, cardiologists will give comprehensive recommendations and teach to face stress.
The walks in a fairy forest that surrounds a sanatorium and outdoor activities will give you a good vigor charge. Knowledge with local attractions will give you a spiritual balance.
Physical activity
The second component of hypertension prevention is sufficient motor activity, without which we all suffer the manifestations of hypodinamia to varying degrees.
For a city resident, it will be optimal to walk daily at least 1 hour in the conditions of an area of forest parks.
In the cardiological health center, under the program, walking, mechanotherapy in the gym, the agreed group in the pool is carried out as part of the program, and the city -based competitions are carried out.
Patients with the disease that already shows should participate in physiotherapy exercises.
It is necessary to adhere to the rational work and rest alternation regime. No excess work, both mental and physical, should be allowed.
A healthy physiological dream is of great importance, in which the body rests from all loads. Patients in the initial stage of hypertension should sleep at least 8-9 hours a day.
Healthy diet
In adequate hypertension, nutrition or diet with clinically expressed forms of the disease, it is of great importance.
Carbohydrates
Here you must give preference to vegetables and fruits, since this will allow you to receive a sufficient amount of fiber, vitamins and minerals.
Squirrels
When choosing proteins, you must reject or limit meat products in favor of dairy and vegetables.
Fat
Total fat intake should be reduced. Try to replace animal fats with vegetables, and among animal fats it must be more fish.
A medication for hypertension patients can be a diet with a table salt restriction. No more than 5 g (slightly less than one teaspoon) per day, which greatly facilitates control over the blood pressure level.
Keep the normal weight
Reducing overweight or treatment of obesity is the main factor that can lead to satisfactory control over blood pressure and even in some cases abandon the latter's drug correction.
An effective means to normalize weight is diet therapy and various types of physical activity.
Rejection of bad habits
If a person is prone to drink alcohol in large doses, he smokes, then the risk of hypertension increases repeatedly.
Alcohol reception promotes the spasm of peripheral vessels and greater pressure due to the growth of vascular resistance.
After smoking, the cholesterol level increases, which is due to the intake of a large amount of adrenaline and norepinephrine of the adrenal glands. There is even a medical term: nicotine hypertension.
Physical methods for the prevention of development and exacerbations of hypertension
Hydrotherapy
Aquatic water (hydrotherapy) is a powerful means of healing, prevention and treatment of hypertension. Water can affect the body as a temperature, mechanical or chemical stimulus, and the choice depends on the need for a particular exposure factor.
The temperature factor is the most important to choose hydrotherapy. The skin capillaries expand and narrow in response to the effects of the water of several temperatures. In this case, there is an increase in blood flow or its decrease. Cold water also leads to a slowdown and increases cardiac contractions and increases blood pressure. Hot water reduces pressure, accelerates heartbeat and weakens cardiac contractions
Most of the time, to prevent hypertension exacerbations, water of indifferent temperature is used, which is indicated for excessive nervous excitability, irritability, heart disorders, insomnia.
Hydrotherapy procedures for hypertension in stage III are contraindicated.
Before using water procedures as a treatment, you should consult a doctor.
For the hypertension of the I-II stages, the rain, the dust and the circular shower are used with indifferent or warm water with moderate pressure of water jets.
Bathrooms can be common and local, for hypertension, they are used for therapeutic and preventive purposes. Medicinal bathrooms for hypertension are limited to the use of coniferous extract.
Drug electrophoresis
This is the use of the Galvanic current for the purpose of the non -invasive intestatic administration of several medications. Under the influence of the Galvanic current, drug ions enter the skin and are delayed under the area of the anode, which creates a kind of medicinal deposit. The medicine enters the bloodstream quite slowly, which increases the duration of its effect on the body. The body also affects the positive effects of the Galvanic current.
Electrophoresis is indicated in the initial stages of hypertension. In stage III, it is contraindicated. The contraindications are neoplasms, acute inflammatory processes of any location, deteriorated blood coagulation processes, pronounced atherosclerosis, decompensated diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, pregnancy, individual intolerance to the galvanic current.
Specialized centers use several types of physiotherapy under the control of specialists.
Medical Physical Education (exercise therapy)
Media physical education is used at all stages of hypertension for hypertensive crisis prevention and disease complications. It includes any affordable type of physical exercises: walking, morning gymnastics, earthly and swimming.
"Physical exercises can replace many drugs, but not a single medicine in the world can replace physical exercises, "
The best form of prevention is gymnastics or morning load, which allows you to prepare the body for Labor Day, stimulates the processes of nerve regulation of blood circulation and the reactivity of the vascular system as a whole.
If the disease has already developed, then you must add a daily complex of therapeutic gymnastics to morning gymnastics.
The centers carry out individual and group classes of physiotherapy exercises under the guidance of professional instructors of exercise therapy.
Drug therapy
The selection of medications for the treatment and prevention of hypertension exacerbations must be performed only by a doctor.
Pharmacological therapy has already become necessary in the second stage of the disease, when blood pressure reaches significant indicators with regular measurement.
The basic principle isindividualSelection of antihypertensive medications for each patient.
Dear readers, articles are introductory in nature. Before applying recommendations, you should consult a doctor.